HSK 6 Vocabulary List

HSK 6 Word List

This HSK 6 (Version 2.0) Vocabulary List contains 2500 words. You can find the Simplified, Traditional, Pinyin and English Definitions for each word below.

SIMPLIFIED	TRADITIONAL	PINYIN	ENGLISH & CLASSIFIERS
挨	挨	ái	to suffer from; to endure; to tide over (a difficult period); to delay
癌症	癌症	ái zhèng	cancer
暧昧	曖昧	ài mèi	vague; ambiguous; equivocal; dubious
爱不释手	愛不釋手	ài bù shì shǒu	to love something too much to part with it (idiom); to fondle admiringly
爱戴	愛戴	ài dài	to love and respect; love and respect
安宁	安寧	ān níng	peaceful; tranquil; calm; composed
安详	安詳	ān xiáng	serene
安置	安置	ān zhì	find a place for; help settle down; arrange for; to get into bed; placement
按摩	按摩	àn mó	massage
暗示	暗示	àn shì	to hint; to suggest; suggestion; a hint
案件	案件	àn jiàn	law case; legal case; judicial case; CL: 宗(zōng), 桩(zhuāng), 起(qǐ)
案例	案例	àn lì	case (law); CL: 個\|个(gè)
昂贵	昂貴	áng guì	expensive; costly
凹凸	凹凸	āo tū	bumpy; uneven; slotted and tabbed joint; crenellation
熬	熬	áo	(of cooking) to boil for a long time; to endure; to suffer
奥秘	奧秘	ào mì	profound mystery
巴不得	巴不得	bā bù dé	to be eager for; to long for; to look forward to
巴结	巴結	bā jie	to fawn on; to curry favor with; to make up to
扒	扒	bā	to hold on to; to cling to; to dig up; to rake; to push aside; to climb; to pull out; to strip off
疤	疤	bā	scar
拔苗助长	拔苗助長	bá miáo zhù zhǎng	to spoil things through excessive enthusiasm (idiom)
把关	把關	bǎ guān	to guard a pass; to check on something
把手	把手	bǎ shǒu	handle; grip; knob
罢工	罷工	bà gōng	a strike; to go on strike
霸道	霸道	bà dào	overbearing; tyranny; (of liquor, medicine, etc.) strong; potent; the Way of the Hegemon, abbreviation of 霸王之道; despotic rule; rule by might; evil as opposed to the Way of the King 王道
掰	掰	bāi	to break with both hands
摆脱	擺脫	bǎi tuō	to break away from; to cast off (old ideas, etc.); to get rid of; to break away (from); to break out (of); to free oneself from; to extricate oneself
拜访	拜訪	bài fǎng	pay a visit; call on
拜年	拜年	bài nián	pay a New Year call; wish somebody a Happy New Year
拜托	拜託	bài tuō	request somebody to do something; please!
败坏	敗壞	bài huài	to ruin; to corrupt; to undermine
斑	斑	bān	spot; colored patch; stripe; spotted; striped; variegated
颁布	頒布	bān bù	to issue; to proclaim; to enact (laws, decrees, etc.)
颁发	頒發	bān fā	to issue; to promulgate; to award
版本	版本	bǎn běn	version; edition; release
伴侣	伴侶	bàn lǚ	partner; companion; mate
伴随	伴隨	bàn suí	to accompany; to follow; to occur together with; attendant
半途而废	半途而廢	bàn tú ér fèi	to give up halfway (idiom); leave something unfinished
扮演	扮演	bàn yǎn	play the part of; act
榜样	榜樣	bǎng yàng	example; model; CL: 個\|个(gè)
绑架	綁架	bǎng jià	to kidnap; to abduct; to hijack; a kidnapping; abduction; staking
磅	磅	bàng	pound (unit of weight, about 454 grams); platform balance
包庇	包庇	bāo bì	to shield; to harbor; to cover up
包袱	包袱	bāo fu	cloth-wrapper; a bundle wrapped in cloth; load; weight; burden
包围	包圍	bāo wéi	to surround; to encircle; to hem in
包装	包裝	bāo zhuāng	package; pack
保管	保管	bǎo guǎn	to assure; to guarantee; to take care of; to safeguard; certainly; surely
保密	保密	bǎo mì	to keep something confidential; to maintain secrecy
保姆	保姆	bǎo mǔ	nanny; housekeeper
保守	保守	bǎo shǒu	(politically) conservative; to guard; to keep
保卫	保衛	bǎo wèi	to defend; to safeguard
保养	保養	bǎo yǎng	to take good care of (or conserve) one's health; to keep in good repair; to maintain; maintenance
保障	保障	bǎo zhàng	to ensure; to guarantee; to safeguard
保重	保重	bǎo zhòng	to take care of oneself
饱和	飽和	bǎo hé	saturation
饱经沧桑	飽經滄桑	bǎo jīng cāng sāng	having lived through many changes
报酬	報酬	bào chou	remuneration; reward
报仇	報仇	bào chóu	to revenge (oneself); to avenge
报答	報答	bào dá	to repay; to requite
报复	報復	bào fù	to make reprisals; to retaliate; revenge; retaliation
报警	報警	bào jǐng	to report something to the police; to sound an alarm
报销	報銷	bào xiāo	submit an expense account; apply for reimbursement; write-off; wipe out
抱负	抱負	bào fù	aspiration; ambition
暴力	暴力	bào lì	violence; (use) force; violent
暴露	暴露	bào lù	to expose; to reveal; to lay bare
曝光	曝光	bào guāng	exposure (e.g. of photosensitive material); to expose (a scandal to the public)
爆发	爆發	bào fā	to break out; to erupt; to explode; to burst out
爆炸	爆炸	bào zhà	explosion; to explode; to blow up; to detonate
卑鄙	卑鄙	bēi bǐ	contemptible; despicable; base; mean
悲哀	悲哀	bēi āi	grieved; sorrowful
悲惨	悲慘	bēi cǎn	miserable; tragic
北极	北極	běi jí	the North Pole; the Arctic Pole; the north magnetic pole
备份	備份	bèi fèn	backup
备忘录	備忘錄	bèi wàng lù	memorandum; aide-memoire; memorandum book
背叛	背叛	bèi pàn	to betray
背诵	背誦	bèi sòng	recite; repeat from memory
被动	被動	bèi dòng	passive (not taking initiative)
被告	被告	bèi gào	defendant
贝壳	貝殼	bèi ké	shell; conch; cowry; mother of pearl; hard outer skin; alternative reading bèi qiào, mostly written
奔波	奔波	bēn bō	rush about; be busy running about
奔驰	奔馳	bēn chí	to run quickly; to travel quickly; to move fast; Mercedes-Benz, German car make
本能	本能	běn néng	instinct
本钱	本錢	běn qián	capital (finance); assets; means
本人	本人	běn rén	oneself; I (humble form used in speeches); myself; in person; personal
本身	本身	běn shēn	in itself; per se; itself
本事	本事	běn shi	ability; skill; source material; original story
笨拙	笨拙	bèn zhuō	clumsy; awkward; stupid
崩溃	崩潰	bēng kuì	to collapse; to crumble; to fall apart
甭	甭	béng	need not; (contraction of 不 and 用)
蹦	蹦	bèng	to leap; to bounce; to hop; to jump
迸发	迸發	bèng fā	to burst out; to gush; to spurt
逼迫	逼迫	bī pò	to force; to compel; to coerce
鼻涕	鼻涕	bí tì	nasal mucus; snivel
比方	比方	bǐ fang	instance; example
比喻	比喻	bǐ yù	analogy; metaphor; figure of speech; figuratively
比重	比重	bǐ zhòng	proportion; specific gravity
鄙视	鄙視	bǐ shì	to despise; to disdain; to look down upon
弊病	弊病	bì bìng	malady; evil; malpractice; drawback; disadvantage
弊端	弊端	bì duān	malpractice; abuse; corrupt practice
臂	臂	bì	arm
闭塞	閉塞	bì sè	stop up; close up; hard to get to; out of the way; inaccessible; unenlightened; blocking
编织	編織	biān zhī	to weave; to knit; to plait; to braid; (fig.) to create (something abstract, e.g. a dream, a lie, etc.)
边疆	邊疆	biān jiāng	border area; borderland; frontier; frontier region
边界	邊界	biān jiè	boundary; border
边境	邊境	biān jìng	frontier; border
边缘	邊緣	biān yuán	edge; fringe; verge; brink; periphery; marginal; borderline
鞭策	鞭策	biān cè	to spur on; to urge on; to encourage somebody (e.g. to make progress)
扁	扁	biǎn	flat; (old form of character 匾, horizontal tablet with inscription)
贬低	貶低	biǎn dī	to belittle; to disparage; to play down; to demean; to degrade; to devalue
贬义	貶義	biǎn yì	derogatory sense; negative connotation
便利	便利	biàn lì	convenient; easy; facilitate
便条	便條	biàn tiáo	(informal) note; CL: 张(zhāng), 個\|个(gè)
便于	便於	biàn yú	easy to; convenient for
变故	變故	biàn gù	an unforeseen event; accident; misfortune
变迁	變遷	biàn qiān	changes; vicissitudes
变质	變質	biàn zhì	to degenerate; to go bad; to deteriorate; metamorphosis
辨认	辨認	biàn rèn	to recognize; to identify
辩护	辯護	biàn hù	to speak in defense of; to argue in favor of; to defend; to plead
辩解	辯解	biàn jiě	to explain; to justify; to defend (a point of view, etc.); to provide an explanation; to try to defend oneself
辩证	辯證	biàn zhèng	to investigate; dialectical
辫子	辮子	biàn zi	plait; braid; pigtail; a mistake or shortcoming that may be exploited by an opponent; handle; CL: 根(gēn), 条(tiáo)
遍布	遍布	biàn bù	to cover the whole (area); to be found throughout
标本	標本	biāo běn	specimen; sample; the root cause and symptoms of a disease
标记	標記	biāo jì	sign; mark; symbol; to mark up
标题	標題	biāo tí	title; heading; headline; caption; subject
表决	表決	biǎo jué	decide by vote; vote
表态	表態	biǎo tài	to declare one's position; to say where one stands
表彰	表彰	biǎo zhāng	to honor; to cite (in dispatches); cite (in dispatches); commend
憋	憋	biē	to choke; to stifle; to restrain; to hold back; to hold in (urine); to hold (one's breath)
别墅	別墅	bié shù	villa; CL: 幢(zhuàng), 座(zuò)
别致	別緻	bié zhì	unusual; unique
别扭	彆扭	biè niu	awkward; difficult; uncomfortable; not agreeing; at loggerheads; gauche; awkward (writing or speech)
濒临	瀕臨	bīn lín	on the verge of; close to
冰雹	冰雹	bīng báo	hail; hailstone; CL: 场(cháng), 粒(lì)
丙	丙	bǐng	third in order (III); third of 10 heavenly stems 十天干; letter 'C' or roman 'III' in list 'A, B, C', or 'I, II, III', etc.; propyl
并非	並非	bìng fēi	really isn't
并列	並列	bìng liè	to stand side by side; to be juxtaposed
剥削	剝削	bō xuē	to exploit; exploitation
拨	撥	bō	to push aside; to dial; to allocate; to set aside (money); to poke (the fire); to pluck (a string instrument); to turn around; classifier: group, batch;
播种	播種	bō zhòng	to sow seeds; sowing; seed
波浪	波浪	bō làng	wave
波涛	波濤	bō tāo	great waves; billows;
伯母	伯母	bó mǔ	aunt; wife of father's elder brother; (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother); CL: 個\|个(gè)
博大精深	博大精深	bó dà jīng shēn	wide-ranging and profound; broad and deep
博览会	博覽會	bó lǎn huì	exposition; international fair
搏斗	搏鬥	bó dòu	to wrestle; to fight; to struggle
薄弱	薄弱	bó ruò	weak; frail
不顾	不顧	bú gù	in spite of; regardless of
不愧	不愧	bú kuì	be worthy of; deserve to be called; prove oneself to be
不料	不料	bú liào	unexpectedly; to one's surprise
不像话	不像話	bú xiàng huà	unreasonable; shocking; outrageous
不屑一顾	不屑一顧	bú xiè yī gù	to disdain as beneath contempt
哺乳	哺乳	bǔ rǔ	breast feeding; to suckle; to nurse
捕捉	捕捉	bǔ zhuō	to catch; to seize; to capture
补偿	補償	bǔ cháng	compensate; make up
补救	補救	bǔ jiù	remedy
补贴	補貼	bǔ tiē	to subsidize; subsidy; allowance
不得已	不得已	bù dé yǐ	act against one's will; have no alternative but to; have to; to have no choice; must
不妨	不妨	bù fáng	there is no harm in; might as well
不敢当	不敢當	bù gǎn dāng	lit. I dare not (accept the honor); fig. I don't deserve your praise; you flatter me
不禁	不禁	bù jīn	can't help (doing something); can't refrain from
不堪	不堪	bù kān	cannot bear; cannot stand; utterly; extremely
不可思议	不可思議	bù kě sī yì	inconceivable (idiom); unimaginable; unfathomable
不免	不免	bù miǎn	unavoidable
不时	不時	bù shí	frequently; often
不惜	不惜	bù xī	not stint; not spare; not hesitate (to do something); not scruple (to do something)
不相上下	不相上下	bù xiāng shàng xià	equally matched; about the same
不言而喻	不言而喻	bù yán ér yù	it goes without saying; it is self-evident
不由得	不由得	bù yóu de	can't help; cannot but
不择手段	不擇手段	bù zé shǒu duàn	by fair means or foul; by hook or by crook; unscrupulously
不止	不止	bù zhǐ	incessantly; without end; more than; not limited to
布告	佈告	bù gào	posting on a bulletin board; notice; bulletin; to announce
布局	佈局	bù jú	arrangement; composition; layout; opening (chess jargon)
布置	佈置	bù zhì	to put in order; to arrange; to decorate; to fix up; to deploy
步伐	步伐	bù fá	pace; (measured) step; march
部署	部署	bù shǔ	to dispose; to deploy; deployment
部位	部位	bù wèi	position; place
才干	才幹	cái gàn	ability; competence
裁缝	裁縫	cái feng	tailor; dressmaker
裁判	裁判	cái pàn	judgment; to referee; umpire; judge; referee; CL: 個\|个(gè), 位(wèi), 名(míng)
裁员	裁員	cái yuán	to cut staff; to lay off employees
财富	財富	cái fù	wealth; riches
财务	財務	cái wù	financial affairs
财政	財政	cái zhèng	finances (public); financial
彩票	彩票	cǎi piào	lottery ticket
采购	採購	cǎi gòu	to procure (for an enterprise, etc.); to purchase
采集	採集	cǎi jí	to gather; to collect; to harvest
采纳	採納	cǎi nà	to accept; to adopt (ideas)
参谋	參謀	cān móu	staff officer; to give advice
参照	參照	cān zhào	to consult a reference; to refer to (another document)
残疾	殘疾	cán jí	disabled; handicapped; deformity on a person or animal
残酷	殘酷	cán kù	cruel; ruthless; cruelty
残留	殘留	cán liú	to remain; left over; surplus; remnant
残忍	殘忍	cán rěn	merciless; ruthless; cruel; mean
灿烂	燦爛	càn làn	to glitter; brilliant; splendid
仓促	倉促	cāng cù	all of a sudden; hurriedly
仓库	倉庫	cāng kù	depot; storehouse; warehouse
舱	艙	cāng	cabin; the hold of a ship or airplane
苍白	蒼白	cāng bái	pale; wan
操劳	操勞	cāo láo	to work hard; to look after
操练	操練	cāo liàn	drill; practice
操纵	操縱	cāo zòng	to operate; to control; to rig; to manipulate
操作	操作	cāo zuò	to work; to operate; to manipulate
嘈杂	嘈雜	cáo zá	noisy; clamorous
草案	草案	cǎo àn	draft (legislation, proposal, etc.)
草率	草率	cǎo shuài	careless; negligent; sloppy; not serious
侧面	側面	cè miàn	lateral side; side; aspect; profile
测量	測量	cè liáng	to survey; to measure; to gauge; to determine
策划	策劃	cè huà	to plot; to scheme; to bring about; to engineer; planning; producer; planner
策略	策略	cè lvè	tactics; to be tactful
层出不穷	層出不窮	céng chū bù qióng	more and more emerge; innumerable succession; breeding like flies (idiom)
层次	層次	céng cì	arrangement of ideas; administrative level; level; stage; phase
差别	差別	chā bié	difference; distinction; diversity; disparity
插座	插座	chā zuò	socket; outlet;
查获	查獲	chá huò	to investigate and capture (a criminal); to ferret out; to hunt down and arrest
刹那	剎那	chà nà	an instant (Sanskrit: ksana); split second; the twinkling of an eye
岔	岔	chà	fork in road; bifurcation; branch in road, river, mountain range, etc.; to branch off; to turn off; to diverge; to stray (from the path); to change the subject; to interrupt; to stagger (times)
诧异	詫異	chà yì	flabbergasted; astonished
柴油	柴油	chái yóu	diesel fuel
搀	攙	chān	to assist by the arm; to mix; to mix; to support; to sustain
缠绕	纏繞	chán rào	twisting; to twine; to wind; to pester; to bother
馋	饞	chán	gluttonous; greedy; to have a craving
产业	產業	chǎn yè	industry; estate; property; industrial
阐述	闡述	chǎn shù	to expound (a position); to elaborate (on a topic); to treat (a subject)
颤抖	顫抖	chàn dǒu	to shudder; to shiver; to shake; to tremble
昌盛	昌盛	chāng shèng	prosperous
偿还	償還	cháng huán	to repay; to reimburse
尝试	嘗試	cháng shì	to try; to attempt; CL: 次(cì)
场合	場合	chǎng hé	situation; occasion
场面	場面	chǎng miàn	scene; occasion
场所	場所	chǎng suǒ	location; place
敞开	敞開	chǎng kāi	wide open; to open up
倡导	倡導	chàng dǎo	to advocate; to initiate; to propose; to be a proponent of (an idea or school of thought)
倡议	倡議	chàng yì	to suggest; to initiate; proposal; initiative
畅通	暢通	chàng tōng	unimpeded; free flowing; straight path; unclogged; move without obstruction
畅销	暢銷	chàng xiāo	best seller; chart-topping
超越	超越	chāo yuè	to surpass; to exceed; to transcend
钞票	鈔票	chāo piào	paper money; a bill (e.g. 100 yuan); CL: 张(zhāng), 扎(zā)
嘲笑	嘲笑	cháo xiào	jeer; mockery; scoff; sneer; make fun of; laugh at (derogatory)
巢穴	巢穴	cháo xué	lair; nest; den; hideout;
朝代	朝代	cháo dài	dynasty; reign (of a king)
潮流	潮流	cháo liú	tide; current; trend
撤退	撤退	chè tuì	to withdraw; to pull out; to retreat
撤销	撤銷	chè xiāo	to repeal; to revoke; to undo (computing)
沉淀	沉澱	chén diàn	to settle; to precipitate (solid sediment out of a solution)
沉闷	沉悶	chén mèn	oppressive (of weather); heavy; depressed; not happy
沉思	沉思	chén sī	contemplate; contemplation; meditation; ponder
沉重	沉重	chén zhòng	heavy; hard; serious; critical
沉着	沉著	chén zhuó	steady; calm and collected; not nervous
陈旧	陳舊	chén jiù	old-fashioned
陈列	陳列	chén liè	to display; to exhibit
陈述	陳述	chén shù	an assertion; to declare; to state
称心如意	稱心如意	chèn xīn rú yì	after one's heart (idiom); gratifying and satisfactory; everything one could wish
衬托	襯托	chèn tuō	to set off;
称号	稱號	chēng hào	name; term of address; title
乘	乘	chéng	to ride; to mount; to make use of; to avail oneself of; to take advantage of; to multiply (mathematics); Buddhist sect or creed
呈现	呈現	chéng xiàn	to appear; to emerge; to present (a certain appearance); demonstrate
城堡	城堡	chéng bǎo	castle; rook (chess piece)
惩罚	懲罰	chéng fá	punishment; penalty; to punish
成本	成本	chéng běn	(manufacturing, production, etc.) costs
成交	成交	chéng jiāo	to complete a contract; to reach a deal
成天	成天	chéng tiān	(coll.) all day long; all the time
成效	成效	chéng xiào	effect; result
成心	成心	chéng xīn	intentional; deliberate; on purpose
成员	成員	chéng yuán	member
承办	承辦	chéng bàn	to undertake; to accept a contract
承包	承包	chéng bāo	to contract; to undertake (a job)
承诺	承諾	chéng nuò	to promise; to undertake to do something; commitment
橙	橙	chéng	orange (fruit, color)
澄清	澄清	chéng qīng	clear (of liquid); limpid; to clarify; to make something clear; to be clear (about the facts)
盛	盛	chéng	to hold; to contain; to ladle; pick up with a utensil
诚挚	誠摯	chéng zhì	sincere; cordial
秤	秤	chèng	steelyard; Roman balance; CL: 台(tái)
吃苦	吃苦	chī kǔ	to bear; hardships
吃力	吃力	chī lì	entail strenuous effort; be a strain
持久	持久	chí jiǔ	lasting; enduring; persistent; permanent; protracted; endurance; persistence; to last long
迟钝	遲鈍	chí dùn	slow in one's reactions; sluggish (in movement or thought);
迟缓	遲緩	chí huǎn	slow; sluggish
迟疑	遲疑	chí yí	to hesitate
赤道	赤道	chì dào	equator (of the earth or astronomical body)
赤字	赤字	chì zì	(financial) deficit; red letter
充当	充當	chōng dāng	to serve as; to act as; to play the role of
充沛	充沛	chōng pèi	abundant; plentiful; vigorous
充实	充實	chōng shí	rich; substantial; enrich; substantiate
充足	充足	chōng zú	adequate; sufficient; abundant
冲动	衝動	chōng dòng	impetus; impulse; emotional impulse; impulsive
冲击	衝擊	chōng jī	an attack; under attack; a shock
冲突	衝突	chōng tū	conflict; to conflict; clash of opposing forces; collision (of interests); contention
崇拜	崇拜	chóng bài	to worship; adoration
崇高	崇高	chóng gāo	majestic; sublime
崇敬	崇敬	chóng jìng	to revere; high esteem
重叠	重疊	chóng dié	to overlap; to superimpose; to telescope; to run together; to duplicate; one over another; superposition; an overlap; redundancy; reduplication (in Chinese grammar, e.g. 散散步(sàn sàn bù) to have a stroll)
稠密	稠密	chóu mì	dense
筹备	籌備	chóu bèi	preparations; to get ready for something
丑恶	醜惡	chǒu è	ugly; repulsive
出路	出路	chū lù	a way out (of a difficulty, etc.)
出卖	出賣	chū mài	to offer for sale; to sell; to sell out or betray
出身	出身	chū shēn	family background; class origin
出神	出神	chū shén	entranced; Trance (music genre)
出息	出息	chū xi	promise; prospects; future
初步	初步	chū bù	initial; preliminary; tentative
除	除	chú	to get rid of; to remove; to exclude; to eliminate; to wipe out; to divide; except; not including
储备	儲備	chǔ bèi	to store up; reserves
储存	儲存	chǔ cún	stockpile; to store; to stockpile; storage
储蓄	儲蓄	chǔ xù	to deposit money; to save; savings
处分	處分	chǔ fèn	to discipline somebody; to punish; disciplinary action; to deal with (a matter); CL: 個\|个(gè)
处境	處境	chǔ jìng	plight; unfavorable situation
处置	處置	chǔ zhì	to handle; to take care of; to punish
触犯	觸犯	chù fàn	to offend; to violate; to go against
川流不息	川流不息	chuān liú bù xī	the stream flows without stopping (idiom); unending flow
穿越	穿越	chuān yuè	to pass through; to cross; to overcome
传达	傳達	chuán dá	to pass on; to convey; to relay; to transmit; transmission
传单	傳單	chuán dān	leaflet; flier; pamphlet
传授	傳授	chuán shòu	to impart; to pass on; to teach
船舶	船舶	chuán bó	shipping; boats
喘气	喘氣	chuǎn qì	to breathe deeply; to pant
串	串	chuàn	to string together; to mix up; to conspire; to rove; bunch or cluster; string (computing); classifier for rows or strings
床单	床單	chuáng dān	sheet (bed); CL: 条(tiáo), 件(jiàn), 张(zhāng), 床(chuáng)
创立	創立	chuàng lì	to found; to establish; originate
创新	創新	chuàng xīn	innovation; to bring forth new ideas; to blaze new trails
创业	創業	chuàng yè	to begin an undertaking; to start a major task; to initiate; to venture; venture
创作	創作	chuàng zuò	to create; to produce; to write; creative work; creation; CL: 個\|个(gè)
吹牛	吹牛	chuī niú	to brag; to chat (dialect)
吹捧	吹捧	chuī pěng	to flatter; to laud somebody's accomplishments; adulation
炊烟	炊煙	chuī yān	smoke from kitchen chimneys
垂直	垂直	chuí zhí	perpendicular; vertical
锤	錘	chuí	hammer; to hammer into shape; weight (e.g. of a steelyard or balance)
纯粹	純粹	chún cuì	purely
纯洁	純潔	chún jié	pure; clean and honest; to purify
慈善	慈善	cí shàn	benevolent; charitable;
慈祥	慈祥	cí xiáng	kindly; benevolent (often of older person)
磁带	磁帶	cí dài	magnetic tape; CL: 盘(pán), 盒(hé)
雌雄	雌雄	cí xióng	male and female
伺候	伺候	cì hòu	to serve; to act as a valet
刺	刺	cì	thorn; splinter; to stab; to pierce; to prick
次品	次品	cì pǐn	substandard products; defective; seconds
次序	次序	cì xù	sequence; order
丛	叢	cóng	cluster; collection; collection of books; thicket
从容	從容	cóng róng	to go easy; unhurried; calm; Taiwan pronunciation: cōng róng
凑合	湊合	còu he	to bring together; to make do in a bad situation; to just get by; to improvise; passable; not too bad
粗鲁	粗魯	cū lǔ	crude; coarse; rough
窜	竄	cuàn	to flee; to scuttle; to exile or banish; to amend or edit
摧残	摧殘	cuī cán	to ravage; to ruin
脆弱	脆弱	cuì ruò	weak; frail
搓	搓	cuō	to rub or roll between the hands or fingers; to twist
磋商	磋商	cuō shāng	to consult; to discuss seriously; to negotiate; to confer; negotiations; consultations
挫折	挫折	cuò zhé	setback; reverse; check; defeat; frustration; disappointment; to frustrate; to discourage; to set somebody back; to blunt; to subdue
搭	搭	dā	to put up; to build (scaffolding); to hang (clothes on a pole); to connect; to join; to arrange in pairs; to match; to add; to throw in (resources); to take (boat, train)
搭档	搭檔	dā dàng	to cooperate; partner
搭配	搭配	dā pèi	to pair up; to match; to arrange in pairs; to add something into a group
答辩	答辯	dá biàn	to reply (to an accusation)
答复	答复	dá fù	to answer; to reply; Reply to: (in email header)
达成	達成	dá chéng	to reach (an agreement); to accomplish
打包	打包	dǎ bāo	to wrap; to pack; to ask for a doggy bag (at a restaurant)
打官司	打官司	dǎ guān si	to file a lawsuit; to sue; to dispute
打击	打擊	dǎ jī	to hit; to strike; to attack; to crack down on something; a setback; a blow; percussion (music)
打架	打架	dǎ jià	to fight; to scuffle; to come to blows; CL: 场(cháng)
打量	打量	dǎ liang	to size somebody up; to take measure of; to suppose; to reckon
打猎	打獵	dǎ liè	to go hunting
打仗	打仗	dǎ zhàng	to fight a battle; to go to war
大不了	大不了	dà bù liǎo	at worst; if worst comes to worst; serious; alarming
大臣	大臣	dà chén	minister (of a monarchy)
大伙儿	大夥兒	dà huǒ r	everybody; everyone; we all
大肆	大肆	dà sì	wantonly; without restraint (of enemy or malefactor); unbridled
大体	大體	dà tǐ	in general; more or less; in rough terms; basically; on the whole
大意	大意	dà yì	general idea; main idea
大致	大致	dà zhì	more or less; roughly; approximately
歹徒	歹徒	dǎi tú	evildoer; malefactor; gangster; hoodlum
代价	代價	dài jià	price; cost; consideration (in share dealing)
代理	代理	dài lǐ	to act on behalf of somebody in a responsible position; to act as an agent or proxy; surrogate
带领	帶領	dài lǐng	to guide; to lead
怠慢	怠慢	dài màn	to slight; to neglect
逮捕	逮捕	dài bǔ	to arrest; to apprehend; an arrest
担保	擔保	dān bǎo	to guarantee; to vouch for
胆怯	膽怯	dǎn qiè	timid; cowardly
淡季	淡季	dàn jì	off season; slow business season; (see also 旺季)
淡水	淡水	dàn shuǐ	potable water (water with low salt content); fresh water
蛋白质	蛋白質	dàn bái zhì	protein
诞辰	誕辰	dàn chén	birthday
诞生	誕生	dàn shēng	to be born
当场	當場	dāng chǎng	at the scene; on the spot
当初	當初	dāng chū	at that time; originally
当代	當代	dāng dài	the present age; the contemporary era
当面	當面	dāng miàn	to somebody's face; in somebody's presence
当前	當前	dāng qián	current; today's; modern; present; to be facing (us)
当事人	當事人	dāng shì rén	persons involved or implicated; party (to an affair)
当务之急	當務之急	dāng wù zhī jí	top priority job; matter of vital importance
当选	當選	dāng xuǎn	be elected
党	黨	dǎng	party; association; club; society; surname Dang; CL: 個\|个(gè)
档案	檔案	dàng àn	file; record; archive; Taiwan pronunciation: dǎng àn
档次	檔次	dàng cì	grade; class; quality; level
倒闭	倒閉	dǎo bì	to go bankrupt; to close down
导弹	導彈	dǎo dàn	guided missile; cruise missile; missile; CL: 枚(méi)
导航	導航	dǎo háng	navigation
导向	導向	dǎo xiàng	to be oriented towards; orientation
捣乱	搗亂	dǎo luàn	to disturb; to look for trouble; to stir up a row; to bother somebody intentionally
盗窃	盜竊	dào qiè	to steal
稻谷	稻穀	dào gǔ	rice crops
得不偿失	得不償失	dé bù cháng shī	(saying) the gains do not make up for the losses
得力	得力	dé lì	able; capable; competent; efficient
得天独厚	得天獨厚	dé tiān dú hòu	(of an area) rich in resources; (of a person) gifted or able (idiom)
得罪	得罪	dé zuì	to commit an offense; to violate the law; excuse me! (formal); see also 得得罪(dé zui)
灯笼	燈籠	dēng lóng	lantern
登录	登錄	dēng lù	to register; to login
登陆	登陸	dēng lù	to land; to come ashore; to make landfall (of typhoon, etc.); to log in
蹬	蹬	dēng	to tread on; to step on
等候	等候	děng hòu	waiting
等级	等級	děng jí	degree; rate
瞪	瞪	dèng	to open (one's eyes) wide; to stare at; to glare at
堤坝	堤壩	dī bà	dam;
敌视	敵視	dí shì	hostile; malevolence; antagonism; to view as enemy; to stand against
抵达	抵達	dǐ dá	arrive; reach (a destination)
抵抗	抵抗	dǐ kàng	to resist; resistance
抵制	抵制	dǐ zhì	to resist; to boycott; to refuse (to cooperate); to reject; resistance; refusal
地步	地步	dì bù	condition; situation; plight; extent; room for action
地势	地勢	dì shì	terrain; topography relief
地质	地質	dì zhì	geology
递增	遞增	dì zēng	to increase by degrees; in increasing order; incremental; progressive
颠簸	顛簸	diān bǒ	to shake; to jolt; to bump
颠倒	顛倒	diān dǎo	to turn upside-down; to reverse; back-to-front; confused; deranged; crazy
典礼	典禮	diǎn lǐ	celebration; ceremony
典型	典型	diǎn xíng	model; typical case; archetype; typical; representative
点缀	點綴	diǎn zhuì	to decorate; an ornament; to adorn; only for show
垫	墊	diàn	pad; cushion; mat
奠定	奠定	diàn dìng	to establish; to fix; to settle
惦记	惦記	diàn jì	remember with concern; worry about
电源	電源	diàn yuán	electric power source
叼	叼	diāo	to hold in the mouth
雕刻	雕刻	diāo kè	to carve; to engrave; carving
雕塑	雕塑	diāo sù	a statue; a Buddhist image; sculpture; to carve
吊	吊	diào	to suspend; to hang up; to hang a person
调动	調動	diào dòng	to transfer; to maneuver (troops, etc.)
跌	跌	diē	to drop; to fall; to tumble; Taiwan pronunciation dié
丁	丁	dīng	fourth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干; man; members of a family
叮嘱	叮囑	dīng zhǔ	to warn repeatedly; to urge; to exhort again and again
盯	盯	dīng	to watch attentively; to fix attention on; to stare; to gaze; to follow; to shadow somebody
定期	定期	dìng qī	regularly; at regular intervals
定义	定義	dìng yì	definition
丢人	丟人	diū rén	to lose face
丢三落四	丟三落四	diū sān là sì	forgetful; scatterbrained
东道主	東道主	dōng dào zhǔ	host; official host (e.g. venue for games or a conference)
东张西望	東張西望	dōng zhāng xī wàng	to look in all directions (idiom); to glance around
董事长	董事長	dǒng shì zhǎng	chairman of the board; chairman
冻结	凍結	dòng jié	to freeze (loan, wage, price, etc.)
动荡	動盪	dòng dàng	unrest (social or political); turmoil; upheaval; commotion
动机	動機	dòng jī	motor; locomotive; motive; motivation; intention
动静	動靜	dòng jìng	sound of activity or people talking; news of activity
动力	動力	dòng lì	power; motion; propulsion; force
动脉	動脈	dòng mài	artery
动身	動身	dòng shēn	go on a journey; leave
动手	動手	dòng shǒu	to hit with hands or fists; to start work; to touch
动态	動態	dòng tài	development; trend; dynamic state; movement; moving
动员	動員	dòng yuán	mobilize; arouse; CL: 次(cì), 個\|个(gè)
栋	棟	dòng	classifier for houses or buildings; ridgepole (old)
兜	兜	dōu	pocket; bag; to wrap up or hold in a bag; to move in a circle; to canvas or solicit; to take responsibility for; to disclose in detail; combat armor (old)
陡峭	陡峭	dǒu qiào	precipitous
斗争	鬥爭	dòu zhēng	a struggle; fight; battle
督促	督促	dū cù	to urge somebody to complete a task
毒品	毒品	dú pǐn	drugs; narcotics; poison
独裁	獨裁	dú cái	dictatorship
堵塞	堵塞	dǔ sè	to block; to stop; blockage
赌博	賭博	dǔ bó	to gamble
杜绝	杜絕	dù jué	put an end to
端	端	duān	end; extremity; item; port; to hold something level with both hands; to carry; regular
端午节	端午節	duān wǔ jié	The Dragon Boat Festival (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month)
端正	端正	duān zhèng	upright; regular; proper; correct
短促	短促	duǎn cù	short in time; fleeting; brief
断定	斷定	duàn dìng	to conclude; to determine; to come to a judgment
断绝	斷絕	duàn jué	to sever; to break off
堆积	堆積	duī jī	to pile up; to heap; accumulation
兑现	兌現	duì xiàn	(of a cheque, etc.) to cash; to honor a commitment
对策	對策	duì cè	countermeasure for dealing with a situation
对称	對稱	duì chèn	symmetry; symmetrical
对付	對付	duì fu	to handle; to deal with; to cope; to get by with
对抗	對抗	duì kàng	to withstand; to resist; to stand off; antagonism; confrontation
对立	對立	duì lì	to oppose; to set something against; to be antagonistic to; antithetical; relative opposite; opposing; diametrical
对联	對聯	duì lián	rhyming couplet; pair of lines of verse written vertically down the sides of a doorway; CL: 幅(fú)
对应	對應	duì yìng	to correspond; a correspondence; corresponding; homologous; matching with something; counterpart
对照	對照	duì zhào	to contrast; to compare; to place side by side for comparison (as parallel texts); to check
队伍	隊伍	duì wu	ranks; troops; CL: 個\|个(gè)
顿时	頓時	dùn shí	at once; immediately; forthwith
哆嗦	哆嗦	duō suo	to tremble; to shiver; uncontrolled shaking of the body
多元化	多元化	duō yuán huà	diversification; pluralism; to diversify
堕落	墮落	duò luò	to morally degenerate; to become depraved; a fall from grace; a fall into sin or depravity
额外	額外	é wài	extra; added; additional
恶心	噁心	ě xin	nausea; to feel sick; disgust; nauseating
恶化	惡化	è huà	worsen
遏制	遏制	è zhì	to check; to contain; to hold back; to keep within limits; to constrain; to restrain
恩怨	恩怨	ēn yuàn	(feeling of) resentment; (longstanding) grudge
而已	而已	ér yǐ	that's all; nothing more
二氧化碳	二氧化碳	èr yǎng huà tàn	carbon dioxide; CO2
发布	發布	fā bù	to release; to issue; to announce; to distribute; also written 發发布(fā bù)
发财	發財	fā cái	to get rich
发呆	發呆	fā dāi	to daydream; lost in thought
发动	發動	fā dòng	to start; to launch; to unleash; to mobilize; to arouse
发觉	發覺	fā jué	to find; to detect; to discover
发射	發射	fā shè	to shoot (a projectile); to fire (a rocket); to launch; to emit (a particle); to discharge; emanation; emission
发誓	發誓	fā shì	to vow; to pledge; to swear
发行	發行	fā xíng	to publish; to issue (stocks, currency, etc.); to release; to distribute (a film)
发炎	發炎	fā yán	inflamed from infection or injury; inflammation

SIMPLIFIED

TRADITIONAL

PINYIN

ENGLISH & CLASSIFIERS

挨

ái

to suffer from; to endure; to tide over (a difficult period); to delay

癌症

ái zhèng

cancer

暧昧

曖昧

ài mèi

vague; ambiguous; equivocal; dubious

爱不释手

愛不釋手

ài bù shì shǒu

to love something too much to part with it (idiom); to fondle admiringly

爱戴

愛戴

ài dài

to love and respect; love and respect

安宁

安寧

ān níng

peaceful; tranquil; calm; composed

安详

安詳

ān xiáng

serene

安置

ān zhì

find a place for; help settle down; arrange for; to get into bed; placement

按摩

àn mó

massage

暗示

àn shì

to hint; to suggest; suggestion; a hint

案件

àn jiàn

law case; legal case; judicial case; CL: 宗(zōng), 桩(zhuāng), 起(qǐ)

案例

àn lì

case (law); CL: 個|个(gè)

昂贵

昂貴

áng guì

expensive; costly

凹凸

āo tū

bumpy; uneven; slotted and tabbed joint; crenellation

熬

áo

(of cooking) to boil for a long time; to endure; to suffer

奥秘

奧秘

ào mì

profound mystery

巴不得

bā bù dé

to be eager for; to long for; to look forward to

巴结

巴結

bā jie

to fawn on; to curry favor with; to make up to

扒

bā

to hold on to; to cling to; to dig up; to rake; to push aside; to climb; to pull out; to strip off

疤

bā

scar

拔苗助长

拔苗助長

bá miáo zhù zhǎng

to spoil things through excessive enthusiasm (idiom)

把关

把關

bǎ guān

to guard a pass; to check on something

把手

bǎ shǒu

handle; grip; knob

罢工

罷工

bà gōng

a strike; to go on strike

霸道

bà dào

overbearing; tyranny; (of liquor, medicine, etc.) strong; potent; the Way of the Hegemon, abbreviation of 霸王之道; despotic rule; rule by might; evil as opposed to the Way of the King 王道

掰

bāi

to break with both hands

摆脱

擺脫

bǎi tuō

to break away from; to cast off (old ideas, etc.); to get rid of; to break away (from); to break out (of); to free oneself from; to extricate oneself

拜访

拜訪

bài fǎng

pay a visit; call on

拜年

bài nián

pay a New Year call; wish somebody a Happy New Year

拜托

拜託

bài tuō

request somebody to do something; please!

败坏

敗壞

bài huài

to ruin; to corrupt; to undermine

斑

bān

spot; colored patch; stripe; spotted; striped; variegated

颁布

頒布

bān bù

to issue; to proclaim; to enact (laws, decrees, etc.)

颁发

頒發

bān fā

to issue; to promulgate; to award

版本

bǎn běn

version; edition; release

伴侣

伴侶

bàn lǚ

partner; companion; mate

伴随

伴隨

bàn suí

to accompany; to follow; to occur together with; attendant

半途而废

半途而廢

bàn tú ér fèi

to give up halfway (idiom); leave something unfinished

扮演

bàn yǎn

play the part of; act

榜样

榜樣

bǎng yàng

example; model; CL: 個|个(gè)

绑架

綁架

bǎng jià

to kidnap; to abduct; to hijack; a kidnapping; abduction; staking

磅

bàng

pound (unit of weight, about 454 grams); platform balance

包庇

bāo bì

to shield; to harbor; to cover up

包袱

bāo fu

cloth-wrapper; a bundle wrapped in cloth; load; weight; burden

包围

包圍

bāo wéi

to surround; to encircle; to hem in

包装

包裝

bāo zhuāng

package; pack

保管

bǎo guǎn

to assure; to guarantee; to take care of; to safeguard; certainly; surely

保密

bǎo mì

to keep something confidential; to maintain secrecy

保姆

bǎo mǔ

nanny; housekeeper

保守

bǎo shǒu

(politically) conservative; to guard; to keep

保卫

保衛

bǎo wèi

to defend; to safeguard

保养

保養

bǎo yǎng

to take good care of (or conserve) one's health; to keep in good repair; to maintain; maintenance

保障

bǎo zhàng

to ensure; to guarantee; to safeguard

保重

bǎo zhòng

to take care of oneself

饱和

飽和

bǎo hé

saturation

饱经沧桑

飽經滄桑

bǎo jīng cāng sāng

having lived through many changes

报酬

報酬

bào chou

remuneration; reward

报仇

報仇

bào chóu

to revenge (oneself); to avenge

报答

報答

bào dá

to repay; to requite

报复

報復

bào fù

to make reprisals; to retaliate; revenge; retaliation

报警

報警

bào jǐng

to report something to the police; to sound an alarm

报销

報銷

bào xiāo

submit an expense account; apply for reimbursement; write-off; wipe out

抱负

抱負

bào fù

aspiration; ambition

暴力

bào lì

violence; (use) force; violent

暴露

bào lù

to expose; to reveal; to lay bare

曝光

bào guāng

exposure (e.g. of photosensitive material); to expose (a scandal to the public)

爆发

爆發

bào fā

to break out; to erupt; to explode; to burst out

爆炸

bào zhà

explosion; to explode; to blow up; to detonate

卑鄙

bēi bǐ

contemptible; despicable; base; mean

悲哀

bēi āi

grieved; sorrowful

悲惨

悲慘

bēi cǎn

miserable; tragic

北极

北極

běi jí

the North Pole; the Arctic Pole; the north magnetic pole

备份

備份

bèi fèn

backup

备忘录

備忘錄

bèi wàng lù

memorandum; aide-memoire; memorandum book

背叛

bèi pàn

to betray

背诵

背誦

bèi sòng

recite; repeat from memory

被动

被動

bèi dòng

passive (not taking initiative)

被告

bèi gào

defendant

贝壳

貝殼

bèi ké

shell; conch; cowry; mother of pearl; hard outer skin; alternative reading bèi qiào, mostly written

奔波

bēn bō

rush about; be busy running about

奔驰

奔馳

bēn chí

to run quickly; to travel quickly; to move fast; Mercedes-Benz, German car make

本能

běn néng

instinct

本钱

本錢

běn qián

capital (finance); assets; means

本人

běn rén

oneself; I (humble form used in speeches); myself; in person; personal

本身

běn shēn

in itself; per se; itself

本事

běn shi

ability; skill; source material; original story

笨拙

bèn zhuō

clumsy; awkward; stupid

崩溃

崩潰

bēng kuì

to collapse; to crumble; to fall apart

甭

béng

need not; (contraction of 不 and 用)

蹦

bèng

to leap; to bounce; to hop; to jump

迸发

迸發

bèng fā

to burst out; to gush; to spurt

逼迫

bī pò

to force; to compel; to coerce

鼻涕

bí tì

nasal mucus; snivel

比方

bǐ fang

instance; example

比喻

bǐ yù

analogy; metaphor; figure of speech; figuratively

比重

bǐ zhòng

proportion; specific gravity

鄙视

鄙視

bǐ shì

to despise; to disdain; to look down upon

弊病

bì bìng

malady; evil; malpractice; drawback; disadvantage

弊端

bì duān

malpractice; abuse; corrupt practice

臂

bì

arm

闭塞

閉塞

bì sè

stop up; close up; hard to get to; out of the way; inaccessible; unenlightened; blocking

编织

編織

biān zhī

to weave; to knit; to plait; to braid; (fig.) to create (something abstract, e.g. a dream, a lie, etc.)

边疆

邊疆

biān jiāng

border area; borderland; frontier; frontier region

边界

邊界

biān jiè

boundary; border

边境

邊境

biān jìng

frontier; border

边缘

邊緣

biān yuán

edge; fringe; verge; brink; periphery; marginal; borderline

鞭策

biān cè

to spur on; to urge on; to encourage somebody (e.g. to make progress)

扁

biǎn

flat; (old form of character 匾, horizontal tablet with inscription)

贬低

貶低

biǎn dī

to belittle; to disparage; to play down; to demean; to degrade; to devalue

贬义

貶義

biǎn yì

derogatory sense; negative connotation

便利

biàn lì

convenient; easy; facilitate

便条

便條

biàn tiáo

(informal) note; CL: 张(zhāng), 個|个(gè)

便于

便於

biàn yú

easy to; convenient for

变故

變故

biàn gù

an unforeseen event; accident; misfortune

变迁

變遷

biàn qiān

changes; vicissitudes

变质

變質

biàn zhì

to degenerate; to go bad; to deteriorate; metamorphosis

辨认

辨認

biàn rèn

to recognize; to identify

辩护

辯護

biàn hù

to speak in defense of; to argue in favor of; to defend; to plead

辩解

辯解

biàn jiě

to explain; to justify; to defend (a point of view, etc.); to provide an explanation; to try to defend oneself

辩证

辯證

biàn zhèng

to investigate; dialectical

辫子

辮子

biàn zi

plait; braid; pigtail; a mistake or shortcoming that may be exploited by an opponent; handle; CL: 根(gēn), 条(tiáo)

遍布

biàn bù

to cover the whole (area); to be found throughout

标本

標本

biāo běn

specimen; sample; the root cause and symptoms of a disease

标记

標記

biāo jì

sign; mark; symbol; to mark up

标题

標題

biāo tí

title; heading; headline; caption; subject

表决

表決

biǎo jué

decide by vote; vote

表态

表態

biǎo tài

to declare one's position; to say where one stands

表彰

biǎo zhāng

to honor; to cite (in dispatches); cite (in dispatches); commend

憋

biē

to choke; to stifle; to restrain; to hold back; to hold in (urine); to hold (one's breath)

别墅

別墅

bié shù

villa; CL: 幢(zhuàng), 座(zuò)

别致

別緻

bié zhì

unusual; unique

别扭

彆扭

biè niu

awkward; difficult; uncomfortable; not agreeing; at loggerheads; gauche; awkward (writing or speech)

濒临

瀕臨

bīn lín

on the verge of; close to

冰雹

bīng báo

hail; hailstone; CL: 场(cháng), 粒(lì)

丙

bǐng

third in order (III); third of 10 heavenly stems 十天干; letter 'C' or roman 'III' in list 'A, B, C', or 'I, II, III', etc.; propyl

并非

並非

bìng fēi

really isn't

并列

並列

bìng liè

to stand side by side; to be juxtaposed

剥削

剝削

bō xuē

to exploit; exploitation

拨

撥

bō

to push aside; to dial; to allocate; to set aside (money); to poke (the fire); to pluck (a string instrument); to turn around; classifier: group, batch;

播种

播種

bō zhòng

to sow seeds; sowing; seed

波浪

bō làng

wave

波涛

波濤

bō tāo

great waves; billows;

伯母

bó mǔ

aunt; wife of father's elder brother; (polite form of address for a woman who is about the age of one's mother); CL: 個|个(gè)

博大精深

bó dà jīng shēn

wide-ranging and profound; broad and deep

博览会

博覽會

bó lǎn huì

exposition; international fair

搏斗

搏鬥

bó dòu

to wrestle; to fight; to struggle

薄弱

bó ruò

weak; frail

不顾

不顧

bú gù

in spite of; regardless of

不愧

bú kuì

be worthy of; deserve to be called; prove oneself to be

不料

bú liào

unexpectedly; to one's surprise

不像话

不像話

bú xiàng huà

unreasonable; shocking; outrageous

不屑一顾

不屑一顧

bú xiè yī gù

to disdain as beneath contempt

哺乳

bǔ rǔ

breast feeding; to suckle; to nurse

捕捉

bǔ zhuō

to catch; to seize; to capture

补偿

補償

bǔ cháng

compensate; make up

补救

補救

bǔ jiù

remedy

补贴

補貼

bǔ tiē

to subsidize; subsidy; allowance

不得已

bù dé yǐ

act against one's will; have no alternative but to; have to; to have no choice; must

不妨

bù fáng

there is no harm in; might as well

不敢当

不敢當

bù gǎn dāng

lit. I dare not (accept the honor); fig. I don't deserve your praise; you flatter me

不禁

bù jīn

can't help (doing something); can't refrain from

不堪

bù kān

cannot bear; cannot stand; utterly; extremely

不可思议

不可思議

bù kě sī yì

inconceivable (idiom); unimaginable; unfathomable

不免

bù miǎn

unavoidable

不时

不時

bù shí

frequently; often

不惜

bù xī

not stint; not spare; not hesitate (to do something); not scruple (to do something)

不相上下

bù xiāng shàng xià

equally matched; about the same

不言而喻

bù yán ér yù

it goes without saying; it is self-evident

不由得

bù yóu de

can't help; cannot but

不择手段

不擇手段

bù zé shǒu duàn

by fair means or foul; by hook or by crook; unscrupulously

不止

bù zhǐ

incessantly; without end; more than; not limited to

布告

佈告

bù gào

posting on a bulletin board; notice; bulletin; to announce

布局

佈局

bù jú

arrangement; composition; layout; opening (chess jargon)

布置

佈置

bù zhì

to put in order; to arrange; to decorate; to fix up; to deploy

步伐

bù fá

pace; (measured) step; march

部署

bù shǔ

to dispose; to deploy; deployment

部位

bù wèi

position; place

才干

才幹

cái gàn

ability; competence

裁缝

裁縫

cái feng

tailor; dressmaker

裁判

cái pàn

judgment; to referee; umpire; judge; referee; CL: 個|个(gè), 位(wèi), 名(míng)

裁员

裁員

cái yuán

to cut staff; to lay off employees

财富

財富

cái fù

wealth; riches

财务

財務

cái wù

financial affairs

财政

財政

cái zhèng

finances (public); financial

彩票

cǎi piào

lottery ticket

采购

採購

cǎi gòu

to procure (for an enterprise, etc.); to purchase

采集

採集

cǎi jí

to gather; to collect; to harvest

采纳

採納

cǎi nà

to accept; to adopt (ideas)

参谋

參謀

cān móu

staff officer; to give advice

参照

參照

cān zhào

to consult a reference; to refer to (another document)

残疾

殘疾

cán jí

disabled; handicapped; deformity on a person or animal

残酷

殘酷

cán kù

cruel; ruthless; cruelty

残留

殘留

cán liú

to remain; left over; surplus; remnant

残忍

殘忍

cán rěn

merciless; ruthless; cruel; mean

灿烂

燦爛

càn làn

to glitter; brilliant; splendid

仓促

倉促

cāng cù

all of a sudden; hurriedly

仓库

倉庫

cāng kù

depot; storehouse; warehouse

舱

艙

cāng

cabin; the hold of a ship or airplane

苍白

蒼白

cāng bái

pale; wan

操劳

操勞

cāo láo

to work hard; to look after

操练

操練

cāo liàn

drill; practice

操纵

操縱

cāo zòng

to operate; to control; to rig; to manipulate

操作

cāo zuò

to work; to operate; to manipulate

嘈杂

嘈雜

cáo zá

noisy; clamorous

草案

cǎo àn

draft (legislation, proposal, etc.)

草率

cǎo shuài

careless; negligent; sloppy; not serious

侧面

側面

cè miàn

lateral side; side; aspect; profile

测量

測量

cè liáng

to survey; to measure; to gauge; to determine

策划

策劃

cè huà

to plot; to scheme; to bring about; to engineer; planning; producer; planner

策略

cè lvè

tactics; to be tactful

层出不穷

層出不窮

céng chū bù qióng

more and more emerge; innumerable succession; breeding like flies (idiom)

层次

層次

céng cì

arrangement of ideas; administrative level; level; stage; phase

差别

差別

chā bié

difference; distinction; diversity; disparity

插座

chā zuò

socket; outlet;

查获

查獲

chá huò

to investigate and capture (a criminal); to ferret out; to hunt down and arrest

刹那

剎那

chà nà

an instant (Sanskrit: ksana); split second; the twinkling of an eye

岔

chà

fork in road; bifurcation; branch in road, river, mountain range, etc.; to branch off; to turn off; to diverge; to stray (from the path); to change the subject; to interrupt; to stagger (times)

诧异

詫異

chà yì

flabbergasted; astonished

柴油

chái yóu

diesel fuel

搀

攙

chān

to assist by the arm; to mix; to mix; to support; to sustain

缠绕

纏繞

chán rào

twisting; to twine; to wind; to pester; to bother

馋

饞

chán

gluttonous; greedy; to have a craving

产业

產業

chǎn yè

industry; estate; property; industrial

阐述

闡述

chǎn shù

to expound (a position); to elaborate (on a topic); to treat (a subject)

颤抖

顫抖

chàn dǒu

to shudder; to shiver; to shake; to tremble

昌盛

chāng shèng

prosperous

偿还

償還

cháng huán

to repay; to reimburse

尝试

嘗試

cháng shì

to try; to attempt; CL: 次(cì)

场合

場合

chǎng hé

situation; occasion

场面

場面

chǎng miàn

scene; occasion

场所

場所

chǎng suǒ

location; place

敞开

敞開

chǎng kāi

wide open; to open up

倡导

倡導

chàng dǎo

to advocate; to initiate; to propose; to be a proponent of (an idea or school of thought)

倡议

倡議

chàng yì

to suggest; to initiate; proposal; initiative

畅通

暢通

chàng tōng

unimpeded; free flowing; straight path; unclogged; move without obstruction

畅销

暢銷

chàng xiāo

best seller; chart-topping

超越

chāo yuè

to surpass; to exceed; to transcend

钞票

鈔票

chāo piào

paper money; a bill (e.g. 100 yuan); CL: 张(zhāng), 扎(zā)

嘲笑

cháo xiào

jeer; mockery; scoff; sneer; make fun of; laugh at (derogatory)

巢穴

cháo xué

lair; nest; den; hideout;

朝代

cháo dài

dynasty; reign (of a king)

潮流

cháo liú

tide; current; trend

撤退

chè tuì

to withdraw; to pull out; to retreat

撤销

撤銷

chè xiāo

to repeal; to revoke; to undo (computing)

沉淀

沉澱

chén diàn

to settle; to precipitate (solid sediment out of a solution)

沉闷

沉悶

chén mèn

oppressive (of weather); heavy; depressed; not happy

沉思

chén sī

contemplate; contemplation; meditation; ponder

沉重

chén zhòng

heavy; hard; serious; critical

沉着

沉著

chén zhuó

steady; calm and collected; not nervous

陈旧

陳舊

chén jiù

old-fashioned

陈列

陳列

chén liè

to display; to exhibit

陈述

陳述

chén shù

an assertion; to declare; to state

称心如意

稱心如意

chèn xīn rú yì

after one's heart (idiom); gratifying and satisfactory; everything one could wish

衬托

襯托

chèn tuō

to set off;

称号

稱號

chēng hào

name; term of address; title

乘

chéng

to ride; to mount; to make use of; to avail oneself of; to take advantage of; to multiply (mathematics); Buddhist sect or creed

呈现

呈現

chéng xiàn

to appear; to emerge; to present (a certain appearance); demonstrate

城堡

chéng bǎo

castle; rook (chess piece)

惩罚

懲罰

chéng fá

punishment; penalty; to punish

成本

chéng běn

(manufacturing, production, etc.) costs

成交

chéng jiāo

to complete a contract; to reach a deal

成天

chéng tiān

(coll.) all day long; all the time

成效

chéng xiào

effect; result

成心

chéng xīn

intentional; deliberate; on purpose

成员

成員

chéng yuán

member

承办

承辦

chéng bàn

to undertake; to accept a contract

承包

chéng bāo

to contract; to undertake (a job)

承诺

承諾

chéng nuò

to promise; to undertake to do something; commitment

橙

chéng

orange (fruit, color)

澄清

chéng qīng

clear (of liquid); limpid; to clarify; to make something clear; to be clear (about the facts)

盛

chéng

to hold; to contain; to ladle; pick up with a utensil

诚挚

誠摯

chéng zhì

sincere; cordial

秤

chèng

steelyard; Roman balance; CL: 台(tái)

吃苦

chī kǔ

to bear; hardships

吃力

chī lì

entail strenuous effort; be a strain

持久

chí jiǔ

lasting; enduring; persistent; permanent; protracted; endurance; persistence; to last long

迟钝

遲鈍

chí dùn

slow in one's reactions; sluggish (in movement or thought);

迟缓

遲緩

chí huǎn

slow; sluggish

迟疑

遲疑

chí yí

to hesitate

赤道

chì dào

equator (of the earth or astronomical body)

赤字

chì zì

(financial) deficit; red letter

充当

充當

chōng dāng

to serve as; to act as; to play the role of

充沛

chōng pèi

abundant; plentiful; vigorous

充实

充實

chōng shí

rich; substantial; enrich; substantiate

充足

chōng zú

adequate; sufficient; abundant

冲动

衝動

chōng dòng

impetus; impulse; emotional impulse; impulsive

冲击

衝擊

chōng jī

an attack; under attack; a shock

冲突

衝突

chōng tū

conflict; to conflict; clash of opposing forces; collision (of interests); contention

崇拜

chóng bài

to worship; adoration

崇高

chóng gāo

majestic; sublime

崇敬

chóng jìng

to revere; high esteem

重叠

重疊

chóng dié

to overlap; to superimpose; to telescope; to run together; to duplicate; one over another; superposition; an overlap; redundancy; reduplication (in Chinese grammar, e.g. 散散步(sàn sàn bù) to have a stroll)

稠密

chóu mì

dense

筹备

籌備

chóu bèi

preparations; to get ready for something

丑恶

醜惡

chǒu è

ugly; repulsive

出路

chū lù

a way out (of a difficulty, etc.)

出卖

出賣

chū mài

to offer for sale; to sell; to sell out or betray

出身

chū shēn

family background; class origin

出神

chū shén

entranced; Trance (music genre)

出息

chū xi

promise; prospects; future

初步

chū bù

initial; preliminary; tentative

除

chú

to get rid of; to remove; to exclude; to eliminate; to wipe out; to divide; except; not including

储备

儲備

chǔ bèi

to store up; reserves

储存

儲存

chǔ cún

stockpile; to store; to stockpile; storage

储蓄

儲蓄

chǔ xù

to deposit money; to save; savings

处分

處分

chǔ fèn

to discipline somebody; to punish; disciplinary action; to deal with (a matter); CL: 個|个(gè)

处境

處境

chǔ jìng

plight; unfavorable situation

处置

處置

chǔ zhì

to handle; to take care of; to punish

触犯

觸犯

chù fàn

to offend; to violate; to go against

川流不息

chuān liú bù xī

the stream flows without stopping (idiom); unending flow

穿越

chuān yuè

to pass through; to cross; to overcome

传达

傳達

chuán dá

to pass on; to convey; to relay; to transmit; transmission

传单

傳單

chuán dān

leaflet; flier; pamphlet

传授

傳授

chuán shòu

to impart; to pass on; to teach

船舶

chuán bó

shipping; boats

喘气

喘氣

chuǎn qì

to breathe deeply; to pant

串

chuàn

to string together; to mix up; to conspire; to rove; bunch or cluster; string (computing); classifier for rows or strings

床单

床單

chuáng dān

sheet (bed); CL: 条(tiáo), 件(jiàn), 张(zhāng), 床(chuáng)

创立

創立

chuàng lì

to found; to establish; originate

创新

創新

chuàng xīn

innovation; to bring forth new ideas; to blaze new trails

创业

創業

chuàng yè

to begin an undertaking; to start a major task; to initiate; to venture; venture

创作

創作

chuàng zuò

to create; to produce; to write; creative work; creation; CL: 個|个(gè)

吹牛

chuī niú

to brag; to chat (dialect)

吹捧

chuī pěng

to flatter; to laud somebody's accomplishments; adulation

炊烟

炊煙

chuī yān

smoke from kitchen chimneys

垂直

chuí zhí

perpendicular; vertical

锤

錘

chuí

hammer; to hammer into shape; weight (e.g. of a steelyard or balance)

纯粹

純粹

chún cuì

purely

纯洁

純潔

chún jié

pure; clean and honest; to purify

慈善

cí shàn

benevolent; charitable;

慈祥

cí xiáng

kindly; benevolent (often of older person)

磁带

磁帶

cí dài

magnetic tape; CL: 盘(pán), 盒(hé)

雌雄

cí xióng

male and female

伺候

cì hòu

to serve; to act as a valet

刺

cì

thorn; splinter; to stab; to pierce; to prick

次品

cì pǐn

substandard products; defective; seconds

次序

cì xù

sequence; order

丛

叢

cóng

cluster; collection; collection of books; thicket

从容

從容

cóng róng

to go easy; unhurried; calm; Taiwan pronunciation: cōng róng

凑合

湊合

còu he

to bring together; to make do in a bad situation; to just get by; to improvise; passable; not too bad

粗鲁

粗魯

cū lǔ

crude; coarse; rough

窜

竄

cuàn

to flee; to scuttle; to exile or banish; to amend or edit

摧残

摧殘

cuī cán

to ravage; to ruin

脆弱

cuì ruò

weak; frail

搓

cuō

to rub or roll between the hands or fingers; to twist

磋商

cuō shāng

to consult; to discuss seriously; to negotiate; to confer; negotiations; consultations

挫折

cuò zhé

setback; reverse; check; defeat; frustration; disappointment; to frustrate; to discourage; to set somebody back; to blunt; to subdue

搭

dā

to put up; to build (scaffolding); to hang (clothes on a pole); to connect; to join; to arrange in pairs; to match; to add; to throw in (resources); to take (boat, train)

搭档

搭檔

dā dàng

to cooperate; partner

搭配

dā pèi

to pair up; to match; to arrange in pairs; to add something into a group

答辩

答辯

dá biàn

to reply (to an accusation)

答复

dá fù

to answer; to reply; Reply to: (in email header)

达成

達成

dá chéng

to reach (an agreement); to accomplish

打包

dǎ bāo

to wrap; to pack; to ask for a doggy bag (at a restaurant)

打官司

dǎ guān si

to file a lawsuit; to sue; to dispute

打击

打擊

dǎ jī

to hit; to strike; to attack; to crack down on something; a setback; a blow; percussion (music)

打架

dǎ jià

to fight; to scuffle; to come to blows; CL: 场(cháng)

打量

dǎ liang

to size somebody up; to take measure of; to suppose; to reckon

打猎

打獵

dǎ liè

to go hunting

打仗

dǎ zhàng

to fight a battle; to go to war

大不了

dà bù liǎo

at worst; if worst comes to worst; serious; alarming

大臣

dà chén

minister (of a monarchy)

大伙儿

大夥兒

dà huǒ r

everybody; everyone; we all

大肆

dà sì

wantonly; without restraint (of enemy or malefactor); unbridled

大体

大體

dà tǐ

in general; more or less; in rough terms; basically; on the whole

大意

dà yì

general idea; main idea

大致

dà zhì

more or less; roughly; approximately

歹徒

dǎi tú

evildoer; malefactor; gangster; hoodlum

代价

代價

dài jià

price; cost; consideration (in share dealing)

代理

dài lǐ

to act on behalf of somebody in a responsible position; to act as an agent or proxy; surrogate

带领

帶領

dài lǐng

to guide; to lead

怠慢

dài màn

to slight; to neglect

逮捕

dài bǔ

to arrest; to apprehend; an arrest

担保

擔保

dān bǎo

to guarantee; to vouch for

胆怯

膽怯

dǎn qiè

timid; cowardly

淡季

dàn jì

off season; slow business season; (see also 旺季)

淡水

dàn shuǐ

potable water (water with low salt content); fresh water

蛋白质

蛋白質

dàn bái zhì

protein

诞辰

誕辰

dàn chén

birthday

诞生

誕生

dàn shēng

to be born

当场

當場

dāng chǎng

at the scene; on the spot

当初

當初

dāng chū

at that time; originally

当代

當代

dāng dài

the present age; the contemporary era

当面

當面

dāng miàn

to somebody's face; in somebody's presence

当前

當前

dāng qián

current; today's; modern; present; to be facing (us)

当事人

當事人

dāng shì rén

persons involved or implicated; party (to an affair)

当务之急

當務之急

dāng wù zhī jí

top priority job; matter of vital importance

当选

當選

dāng xuǎn

be elected

党

黨

dǎng

party; association; club; society; surname Dang; CL: 個|个(gè)

档案

檔案

dàng àn

file; record; archive; Taiwan pronunciation: dǎng àn

档次

檔次

dàng cì

grade; class; quality; level

倒闭

倒閉

dǎo bì

to go bankrupt; to close down

导弹

導彈

dǎo dàn

guided missile; cruise missile; missile; CL: 枚(méi)

导航

導航

dǎo háng

navigation

导向

導向

dǎo xiàng

to be oriented towards; orientation

捣乱

搗亂

dǎo luàn

to disturb; to look for trouble; to stir up a row; to bother somebody intentionally

盗窃

盜竊

dào qiè

to steal

稻谷

稻穀

dào gǔ

rice crops

得不偿失

得不償失

dé bù cháng shī

(saying) the gains do not make up for the losses

得力

dé lì

able; capable; competent; efficient

得天独厚

得天獨厚

dé tiān dú hòu

(of an area) rich in resources; (of a person) gifted or able (idiom)

得罪

dé zuì

to commit an offense; to violate the law; excuse me! (formal); see also 得得罪(dé zui)

灯笼

燈籠

dēng lóng

lantern

登錄

dēng lù

to register; to login

登陆

登陸

dēng lù

to land; to come ashore; to make landfall (of typhoon, etc.); to log in

蹬

dēng

to tread on; to step on

等候

děng hòu

waiting

等级

等級

děng jí

degree; rate

瞪

dèng

to open (one's eyes) wide; to stare at; to glare at

堤坝

堤壩

dī bà

dam;

敌视

敵視

dí shì

hostile; malevolence; antagonism; to view as enemy; to stand against

抵达

抵達

dǐ dá

arrive; reach (a destination)

抵抗

dǐ kàng

to resist; resistance

抵制

dǐ zhì

to resist; to boycott; to refuse (to cooperate); to reject; resistance; refusal

地步

dì bù

condition; situation; plight; extent; room for action

地势

地勢

dì shì

terrain; topography relief

地质

地質

dì zhì

geology

递增

遞增

dì zēng

to increase by degrees; in increasing order; incremental; progressive

颠簸

顛簸

diān bǒ

to shake; to jolt; to bump

颠倒

顛倒

diān dǎo

to turn upside-down; to reverse; back-to-front; confused; deranged; crazy

典礼

典禮

diǎn lǐ

celebration; ceremony

典型

diǎn xíng

model; typical case; archetype; typical; representative

点缀

點綴

diǎn zhuì

to decorate; an ornament; to adorn; only for show

垫

墊

diàn

pad; cushion; mat

奠定

diàn dìng

to establish; to fix; to settle

惦记

惦記

diàn jì

remember with concern; worry about

电源

電源

diàn yuán

electric power source

叼

diāo

to hold in the mouth

雕刻

diāo kè

to carve; to engrave; carving

雕塑

diāo sù

a statue; a Buddhist image; sculpture; to carve

吊

diào

to suspend; to hang up; to hang a person

调动

調動

diào dòng

to transfer; to maneuver (troops, etc.)

跌

diē

to drop; to fall; to tumble; Taiwan pronunciation dié

丁

dīng

fourth of 10 heavenly stems 十天干; man; members of a family

叮嘱

叮囑

dīng zhǔ

to warn repeatedly; to urge; to exhort again and again

盯

dīng

to watch attentively; to fix attention on; to stare; to gaze; to follow; to shadow somebody

定期

dìng qī

regularly; at regular intervals

定义

定義

dìng yì

definition

丢人

丟人

diū rén

to lose face

丢三落四

丟三落四

diū sān là sì

forgetful; scatterbrained

东道主

東道主

dōng dào zhǔ

host; official host (e.g. venue for games or a conference)

东张西望

東張西望

dōng zhāng xī wàng

to look in all directions (idiom); to glance around

董事长

董事長

dǒng shì zhǎng

chairman of the board; chairman

冻结

凍結

dòng jié

to freeze (loan, wage, price, etc.)

动荡

動盪

dòng dàng

unrest (social or political); turmoil; upheaval; commotion

动机

動機

dòng jī

motor; locomotive; motive; motivation; intention

动静

動靜

dòng jìng

sound of activity or people talking; news of activity

动力

動力

dòng lì

power; motion; propulsion; force

动脉

動脈

dòng mài

artery

动身

動身

dòng shēn

go on a journey; leave

动手

動手

dòng shǒu

to hit with hands or fists; to start work; to touch

动态

動態

dòng tài

development; trend; dynamic state; movement; moving

动员

動員

dòng yuán

mobilize; arouse; CL: 次(cì), 個|个(gè)

栋

棟

dòng

classifier for houses or buildings; ridgepole (old)

兜

dōu

pocket; bag; to wrap up or hold in a bag; to move in a circle; to canvas or solicit; to take responsibility for; to disclose in detail; combat armor (old)

陡峭

dǒu qiào

precipitous

斗争

鬥爭

dòu zhēng

a struggle; fight; battle

督促

dū cù

to urge somebody to complete a task

毒品

dú pǐn

drugs; narcotics; poison

独裁

獨裁

dú cái

dictatorship

堵塞

dǔ sè

to block; to stop; blockage

赌博

賭博

dǔ bó

to gamble

杜绝

杜絕

dù jué

put an end to

端

duān

end; extremity; item; port; to hold something level with both hands; to carry; regular

端午节

端午節

duān wǔ jié

The Dragon Boat Festival (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month)

端正

duān zhèng

upright; regular; proper; correct

短促

duǎn cù

short in time; fleeting; brief

断定

斷定

duàn dìng

to conclude; to determine; to come to a judgment

断绝

斷絕

duàn jué

to sever; to break off

堆积

堆積

duī jī

to pile up; to heap; accumulation

兑现

兌現

duì xiàn

(of a cheque, etc.) to cash; to honor a commitment

对策

對策

duì cè

countermeasure for dealing with a situation

对称

對稱

duì chèn

symmetry; symmetrical

对付

對付

duì fu

to handle; to deal with; to cope; to get by with

对抗

對抗

duì kàng

to withstand; to resist; to stand off; antagonism; confrontation

对立

對立

duì lì

to oppose; to set something against; to be antagonistic to; antithetical; relative opposite; opposing; diametrical

对联

對聯

duì lián

rhyming couplet; pair of lines of verse written vertically down the sides of a doorway; CL: 幅(fú)

对应

對應

duì yìng

to correspond; a correspondence; corresponding; homologous; matching with something; counterpart

对照

對照

duì zhào

to contrast; to compare; to place side by side for comparison (as parallel texts); to check

队伍

隊伍

duì wu

ranks; troops; CL: 個|个(gè)

顿时

頓時

dùn shí

at once; immediately; forthwith

哆嗦

duō suo

to tremble; to shiver; uncontrolled shaking of the body

多元化

duō yuán huà

diversification; pluralism; to diversify

堕落

墮落

duò luò

to morally degenerate; to become depraved; a fall from grace; a fall into sin or depravity

额外

額外

é wài

extra; added; additional

恶心

噁心

ě xin

nausea; to feel sick; disgust; nauseating

恶化

惡化

è huà

worsen

遏制

è zhì

to check; to contain; to hold back; to keep within limits; to constrain; to restrain

恩怨

ēn yuàn

(feeling of) resentment; (longstanding) grudge

而已

ér yǐ

that's all; nothing more

二氧化碳

èr yǎng huà tàn

carbon dioxide; CO2

发布

發布

fā bù

to release; to issue; to announce; to distribute; also written 發发布(fā bù)

发财

發財

fā cái

to get rich

发呆

發呆

fā dāi

to daydream; lost in thought

发动

發動

fā dòng

to start; to launch; to unleash; to mobilize; to arouse

发觉

發覺

fā jué

to find; to detect; to discover

发射

發射

fā shè

to shoot (a projectile); to fire (a rocket); to launch; to emit (a particle); to discharge; emanation; emission

发誓

發誓

fā shì

to vow; to pledge; to swear

发行

發行

fā xíng

to publish; to issue (stocks, currency, etc.); to release; to distribute (a film)

发炎

發炎

fā yán

inflamed from infection or injury; inflammation

发扬

發揚

fā yáng

to develop; to make full use of

发育

發育

fā yù

to develop; growth; development

法人

fǎ rén

legal person; corporation; see also 自然自然人(zì rán rén)

番

fān

to take turns; order in series; time; a kind of; barbarians

凡是

fán shì

every; all

繁华

繁華

fán huá

flourishing; bustling

繁忙

fán máng

busy; bustling

繁体字

繁體字

fán tǐ zì

traditional Chinese character

繁殖

fán zhí

to breed; to reproduce; to propagate

反驳

反駁

fǎn bó

to retort; to refute

反常